䌀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 挀愀渀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀 愀氀氀 欀渀漀眀Ⰰ 琀愀欀攀 瀀氀愀挀攀 愀琀 瘀攀爀礀 瘀愀爀礀椀渀最 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀 ⴀ 挀漀洀瀀愀爀攀 愀 爀甀猀琀椀渀最 渀愀椀氀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀氀漀搀椀渀最 搀礀渀愀洀椀琀攀℀ 䌀漀洀洀漀渀 琀漀 洀漀猀琀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀 愀猀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 爀椀猀攀猀Ⰰ 椀⸀攀⸀ 眀栀攀渀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 洀漀琀椀漀渀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 瘀椀漀氀攀渀琀⸀
䘀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀攀爀猀 氀漀渀最 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 愀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 渀攀攀搀猀 琀漀 戀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ ✀欀椀挀欀攀搀✀ 漀瘀攀爀 愀 戀愀爀爀椀攀爀Ⰰ 椀昀 椀琀 椀猀 琀漀 爀攀愀挀琀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 琀眀漀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 挀漀氀氀椀搀攀Ⰰ 渀漀琀栀椀渀最 渀漀爀洀愀氀氀礀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 樀甀猀琀 戀漀甀渀挀攀 愀瀀愀爀琀⸀ 䈀甀琀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 椀猀 栀椀最栀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 挀漀氀氀椀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 猀漀 瘀椀漀氀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 爀攀愀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 漀渀攀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 愀渀搀 渀攀眀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 昀漀爀洀⸀ 伀渀挀攀 愀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 愀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 猀琀爀漀渀最 ✀琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 欀椀挀欀✀ 椀琀 爀攀愀挀琀猀 椀渀挀爀攀搀椀戀氀礀 昀愀猀琀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀甀瀀漀渀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 戀漀渀搀猀 戀爀攀愀欀 愀渀搀 渀攀眀 漀渀攀猀 昀漀爀洀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 愀氀猀漀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 猀氀漀眀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀ 琀栀攀 爀甀猀琀椀渀最 渀愀椀氀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 椀猀 漀渀氀礀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 ✀琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 欀椀挀欀猀✀ 漀挀挀甀爀 洀漀爀攀 猀攀氀搀漀洀 椀渀 愀 猀氀漀眀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀渀 椀渀 愀 昀愀猀琀 漀渀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀愀爀爀椀攀爀 椀猀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀漀氀搀 愀琀漀洀猀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 ⠀琀栀攀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 戀漀渀搀猀⤀ 爀漀甀最栀氀礀 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 最爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 戀愀爀爀椀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 愀 洀漀漀渀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 昀爀漀洀 䔀愀爀琀栀 洀甀猀琀 猀甀爀洀漀甀渀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 椀琀 椀猀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䴀漀漀渀✀猀 昀漀爀挀攀 昀椀攀氀搀⸀ 䈀甀琀 甀渀琀椀氀 瘀攀爀礀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 眀愀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀✀猀 瀀愀琀栀 甀瀀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 戀愀爀爀椀攀爀 愀渀搀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 氀漀漀欀猀 氀椀欀攀 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 椀猀 攀砀愀挀琀氀礀 愀琀 琀栀攀 琀漀瀀Ⰰ 椀琀猀 ✀琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 猀琀愀琀攀✀⸀
䠀甀渀搀爀攀搀 礀攀愀爀猀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 Svante Arrhenius (Nobel laureate in Chemistry 1903), inspired by van't Hoff (the first Nobel laureate in Chemistry, 1901) presented just over a hundred years ago a simple formula for reaction speed as a function of temperature. But this referred to many molecules at once (macroscopic systems) and relatively long times. It was not until the 1930s that H. Eyring and M. Polanyi formulated a theory based on reactions in microscopic systems of individual molecules. The theoretical assumption was that the transition state was crossed very rapidly, on the time scale that applies to molecular vibrations. That it would ever be possible to perform experiments over such short times was something no-one dreamed of.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 But this is exactly what Zewail set out to do. At the end of the 1980s he performed a series of experiments that were to lead to the birth of the research area called femtochemistry. This involves using a high-speed camera to image molecules in the actual course of chemical reactions and trying to capture pictures of them just in the transition state. The camera was based on new laser technology with light flashes of some tens of femtoseconds. The time it takes for the atoms in a molecule to perform one vibration is typically 10-100 fs. That chemical reactions should take place on the same time scale as when the atoms oscillate in the molecules may be compared to two trapeze artists "reacting" with each other on the same time scale as that on which their trapezes swing back and forth.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 What did the chemists see as the time resolution was successively improved? The first success was the discovery of substances formed along the way from the original one to the final product, substances termed intermediates. To begin with these were relatively stable molecules or molecule fragments. Each improvement of the time resolution led to new links in a reaction chain, in the form of increasingly short-lived intermediates, being fitted into the puzzle of understanding how the reaction mechanism worked.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 The contribution for which Zewail is to receive the Nobel Prize means that we have reached the end of the road: no chemical reactions take place faster than this. With femtosecond spectroscopy we can for the first time observe in 'slow motion' what happens as the reaction barrier is crossed and hence also understand the mechanistic background to Arrhenius' formula for temperature dependence and to the formulae for which van't Hoff was awarded his Nobel Prize.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 Femtochemistry in practice
䤀渀 昀攀洀琀漀猀攀挀漀渀搀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 洀椀砀攀搀 愀猀 戀攀愀洀猀 漀昀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 椀渀 愀 瘀愀挀甀甀洀 挀栀愀洀戀攀爀⸀ 䄀渀 甀氀琀爀愀昀愀猀琀 氀愀猀攀爀 琀栀攀渀 椀渀樀攀挀琀猀 琀眀漀 瀀甀氀猀攀猀㨀 昀椀爀猀琀 愀 瀀漀眀攀爀昀甀氀 瀀甀洀瀀 瀀甀氀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀琀爀椀欀攀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 愀渀搀 攀砀挀椀琀攀猀 椀琀 琀漀 愀 栀椀最栀攀爀 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 愀 眀攀愀欀攀爀 瀀爀漀戀攀 瀀甀氀猀攀 愀琀 愀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀 挀栀漀猀攀渀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 漀爀 愀渀 愀氀琀攀爀攀搀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀甀洀瀀 瀀甀氀猀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 猀椀最渀愀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀 眀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀戀攀 瀀甀氀猀攀 攀砀愀洀椀渀攀猀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀椀渀最⸀ 䈀礀 瘀愀爀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 瀀甀氀猀攀猀 椀琀 椀猀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 琀漀 猀攀攀 栀漀眀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 椀猀 琀爀愀渀猀昀漀爀洀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 渀攀眀 猀栀愀瀀攀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 琀愀欀攀猀 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 椀猀 攀砀挀椀琀攀搀 ⴀ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 最漀椀渀最 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 ⴀ 栀愀瘀攀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 猀攀爀瘀攀 愀猀 昀椀渀最攀爀瀀爀椀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 瀀甀氀猀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀搀 猀椀洀瀀氀礀 戀礀 挀愀甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀戀攀 瀀甀氀猀攀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀 搀攀琀漀甀爀 瘀椀愀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀⸀ 一漀琀 愀 氀漀渀最 搀攀琀漀甀爀㨀 琀栀攀 氀椀最栀琀 挀漀瘀攀爀猀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 ⸀ ㌀ 洀洀 椀渀 昀猀℀
吀漀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 眀栀愀琀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀椀渀最攀爀瀀爀椀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 攀氀愀瀀猀椀渀最 愀爀攀 琀栀攀渀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 漀昀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 挀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀一漀戀攀氀 倀爀椀稀攀 椀渀 䌀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 㤀㤀㠀⤀ 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀 愀渀搀 攀渀攀爀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀琀愀琀攀猀⸀
吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 In his first experiments Zewail studied the disintegration of iodocyanide:䤀䌀一 ⴀⴀ㸀䤀 ⬀ 䌀一⸀ 䠀椀猀 琀攀愀洀 眀攀爀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀攀 愀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 猀琀愀琀攀 攀砀愀挀琀氀礀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 䤀ⴀ䌀 戀漀渀搀 眀愀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀漀 戀爀攀愀欀㨀 琀栀攀 眀栀漀氀攀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀 琀愀欀攀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀 椀渀 ㈀ 昀攀洀琀漀猀攀挀漀渀搀猀⸀
䤀渀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 娀攀眀愀椀氀 猀琀甀搀椀攀搀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀漀搀椀甀洀 椀漀搀椀搀攀 ⠀一愀䤀⤀㨀 一愀䤀 ⴀⴀ㸀 一愀 ⬀ 䤀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀甀洀瀀 瀀甀氀猀攀 攀砀挀椀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 椀漀渀 瀀愀椀爀 一愀⬀ 䤀 ⴀ 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 愀渀 攀焀甀椀氀椀戀爀椀甀洀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 ㈀⸀㠀 씀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 渀甀挀氀攀椀 ⠀䘀椀最⸀ ⤀ 琀漀 愀渀 愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀攀搀 昀漀爀洀 嬀一愀䤀崀⨀ 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀渀 愀猀猀甀洀攀猀 挀漀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 戀漀渀搀椀渀最⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 椀琀猀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀攀㬀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 渀甀挀氀攀椀 愀爀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀甀琀攀爀 琀甀爀渀椀渀最 瀀漀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ ⴀ㔀 씀 愀瀀愀爀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 椀猀 椀漀渀椀挀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 愀琀 猀栀漀爀琀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 椀琀 椀猀 挀漀瘀愀氀攀渀琀⸀ 䄀琀 愀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 瀀漀椀渀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 挀礀挀氀攀Ⰰ 樀甀猀琀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 渀甀挀氀攀椀 愀爀攀 㘀⸀㤀 씀 愀瀀愀爀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 最爀攀愀琀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 眀椀氀氀 昀愀氀氀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 椀琀猀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀爀 搀攀挀愀礀 椀渀琀漀 猀漀搀椀甀洀 愀渀搀 椀漀搀椀渀攀 愀琀漀洀猀⸀
伀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀渀欀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一椀氀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 刀漀猀攀琀琀愀 戀爀愀渀挀栀Ⰰ 䤀 氀椀瘀攀搀 愀渀 攀渀樀漀礀愀戀氀攀 挀栀椀氀搀栀漀漀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䌀椀琀礀 漀昀 䐀椀猀甀焀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 琀栀攀 栀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 洀漀猀焀甀攀Ⰰ 匀椀搀椀 䤀戀爀愀栀椀洀⸀ 䤀 眀愀猀 戀漀爀渀 ⠀䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㈀㘀Ⰰ 㤀㐀㘀⤀ 椀渀 渀攀愀爀戀礀 䐀愀洀愀渀栀甀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 ∀䌀椀琀礀 漀昀 䠀漀爀甀猀∀Ⰰ 漀渀氀礀 㘀 欀洀 昀爀漀洀 䄀氀攀砀愀渀搀爀椀愀⸀ 䤀渀 爀攀琀爀漀猀瀀攀挀琀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 爀攀洀愀爀欀愀戀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 洀礀 挀栀椀氀搀栀漀漀搀 漀爀椀最椀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 昀氀愀渀欀攀搀 戀礀 琀眀漀 最爀攀愀琀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 ⴀ 刀漀猀攀琀琀愀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀椀琀礀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 匀琀漀渀攀 眀愀猀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀氀攀砀愀渀搀爀椀愀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 栀漀洀攀 漀昀 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀攀 搀愀眀渀 漀昀 洀礀 洀攀洀漀爀礀 戀攀最椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 洀礀 搀愀礀猀Ⰰ 愀琀 䐀椀猀甀焀✀猀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀漀爀礀 猀挀栀漀漀氀⸀ 䤀 愀洀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 猀漀渀 椀渀 愀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 漀昀 琀栀爀攀攀 猀椀猀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 琀眀漀 氀漀瘀椀渀最 瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䴀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 眀愀猀 氀椀欀攀搀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 挀椀琀礀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 ⴀ 栀攀 眀愀猀 栀攀氀瀀昀甀氀Ⰰ 挀栀攀攀爀昀甀氀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀礀 洀甀挀栀 攀渀樀漀礀攀搀 栀椀猀 氀椀昀攀⸀ 䠀攀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀搀 栀椀猀 漀眀渀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀⸀ 䴀礀 洀漀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 愀 最漀漀搀ⴀ渀愀琀甀爀攀搀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀攀搀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀漀琀攀搀 愀氀氀 栀攀爀 氀椀昀攀 琀漀 栀攀爀 挀栀椀氀搀爀攀渀 愀渀搀Ⰰ 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 琀漀 洀攀⸀ 匀栀攀 眀愀猀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 琀漀 洀礀 ∀眀愀氀欀猀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀∀ 眀椀琀栀 栀攀爀 欀椀渀搀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 琀漀琀愀氀 搀攀瘀漀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 渀愀琀椀瘀攀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀⸀ 䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 漀甀爀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 椀猀 猀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 娀攀眀愀椀氀猀 愀爀攀 眀攀氀氀 欀渀漀眀渀 椀渀 䐀愀洀愀渀栀甀爀⸀
吀栀攀 昀愀洀椀氀礀✀猀 搀爀攀愀洀 眀愀猀 琀漀 猀攀攀 洀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 愀 栀椀最栀 搀攀最爀攀攀 愀戀爀漀愀搀 愀渀搀 琀漀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 琀漀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 愀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 ⴀ 漀渀 琀栀攀 搀漀漀爀 琀漀 洀礀 猀琀甀搀礀 爀漀漀洀Ⰰ 愀 猀椀最渀 眀愀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 爀攀愀搀椀渀最Ⰰ ∀䐀爀⸀ 䄀栀洀攀搀Ⰰ∀ 攀瘀攀渀 琀栀漀甀最栀 䤀 眀愀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 昀愀爀 昀爀漀洀 戀攀挀漀洀椀渀最 愀 搀漀挀琀漀爀⸀ 䴀礀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 搀椀搀 氀椀瘀攀 琀漀 猀攀攀 琀栀愀琀 搀愀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀 搀攀愀爀 甀渀挀氀攀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀⸀ 唀渀挀氀攀 刀椀稀欀 眀愀猀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 椀渀 洀礀 戀漀礀栀漀漀搀 礀攀愀爀猀 愀渀搀 䤀 氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 洀甀挀栀 昀爀漀洀 栀椀洀 ⴀ 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀 攀渀樀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 洀甀猀椀挀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀洀椀渀最氀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 洀愀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀猀 愀氀椀欀攀㬀 栀攀 眀愀猀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 栀椀猀 眀椀猀搀漀洀Ⰰ 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀氀礀 眀攀氀氀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ搀漀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ攀搀甀挀愀琀攀搀⸀ 䌀甀氀琀甀爀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 洀礀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 ⴀ 爀攀愀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 洀甀猀椀挀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 猀瀀漀爀琀猀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀礀椀渀最 戀愀挀欀最愀洀洀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀 猀椀渀最攀爀 唀洀 䬀甀氀琀栀甀洀 ⠀愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 渀愀洀攀搀 䬀愀眀欀愀戀 䔀氀猀栀愀爀焀 ⴀ 愀 猀甀瀀攀爀猀琀愀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀猀琀⤀ 栀愀搀 愀 洀愀樀漀爀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 漀渀 洀礀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀甀猀椀挀⸀ 伀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 吀栀甀爀猀搀愀礀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 洀漀渀琀栀 眀攀 氀椀猀琀攀渀攀搀 琀漀 唀洀 䬀甀氀琀栀甀洀✀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀琀 ⴀ ∀眀愀猀氀愀琀猀∀ ⠀琀栀爀攀攀 猀漀渀最猀⤀ ⴀ 昀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀爀攀攀 栀漀甀爀猀⸀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 愀氀氀 漀昀 洀礀 猀琀甀搀礀 礀攀愀爀猀 椀渀 䔀最礀瀀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 洀甀猀椀挀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 昀椀最甀爀攀 最愀瘀攀 洀攀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 栀愀瀀瀀椀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀爀 瘀漀椀挀攀 眀愀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 眀栀椀氀攀 䤀 眀愀猀 猀琀甀搀礀椀渀最 洀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀⸀⸀⸀ 攀琀挀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀爀攀攀 搀攀挀愀搀攀猀 䤀 猀琀椀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 昀攀攀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀愀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 栀攀爀 洀甀猀椀挀⸀ 䤀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 洀甀猀椀挀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀 漀渀 琀栀椀猀 氀攀瘀攀氀 椀猀 挀氀愀猀猀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀 樀愀稀稀⸀ 刀攀愀搀椀渀最 眀愀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀椀氀氀 椀猀 洀礀 爀攀愀氀 樀漀礀⸀
䄀猀 愀 戀漀礀 椀琀 眀愀猀 挀氀攀愀爀 琀栀愀琀 洀礀 椀渀挀氀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 琀栀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀⸀ 䴀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 眀攀爀攀 愀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 最愀瘀攀 洀攀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 猀愀琀椀猀昀愀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀漀挀椀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 愀猀 愀琀琀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 椀渀 琀栀漀猀攀 搀愀礀猀 洀甀挀栀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 眀愀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 漀渀 洀攀洀漀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀猀Ⰰ 渀愀洀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀椀欀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀愀猀漀渀猀 甀渀欀渀漀眀渀 ⠀琀漀 洀攀⤀Ⰰ 洀礀 洀椀渀搀 欀攀瀀琀 愀猀欀椀渀最 ∀栀漀眀∀ 愀渀搀 ∀眀栀礀∀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀 栀愀猀 瀀攀爀猀椀猀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 洀礀 氀椀昀攀⸀ 䤀渀 洀礀 琀攀攀渀猀Ⰰ 䤀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 昀攀攀氀椀渀最 愀 琀栀爀椀氀氀 眀栀攀渀 䤀 猀漀氀瘀攀搀 愀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 椀渀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀椀渀最 愀氀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀爀椀挀欀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 昀漀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 愀 挀愀爀 最漀椀渀最 甀瀀栀椀氀氀 漀爀 搀漀眀渀栀椀氀氀⸀ 䔀瘀攀渀 琀栀漀甀最栀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 猀漀洀攀 洀攀洀漀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀 眀愀猀 椀渀琀爀椀最甀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 ∀洀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀∀⸀ 䤀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀愀 眀栀椀挀栀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀 戀漀礀Ⰰ 䤀 眀愀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 愀渀搀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀⸀ 䤀渀 洀礀 戀攀搀爀漀漀洀 䤀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀攀搀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀瀀瀀愀爀愀琀甀猀Ⰰ 漀甀琀 漀昀 洀礀 洀漀琀栀攀爀✀猀 漀椀氀 戀甀爀渀攀爀 ⠀昀漀爀 洀愀欀椀渀最 䄀爀愀戀椀挀 挀漀昀昀攀攀⤀ 愀渀搀 愀 昀攀眀 最氀愀猀猀 琀甀戀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 猀攀攀 栀漀眀 眀漀漀搀 椀猀 琀爀愀渀猀昀漀爀洀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 愀 戀甀爀渀椀渀最 最愀猀 愀渀搀 愀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀挀攀⸀ 䤀 猀琀椀氀氀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 琀栀椀猀 瘀椀瘀椀搀氀礀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀愀渀最攀爀 漀昀 戀甀爀渀椀渀最 搀漀眀渀 漀甀爀 栀漀甀猀攀℀ 䤀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 挀氀攀愀爀 眀栀礀 䤀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 愀琀琀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀琀 猀甀挀栀 愀渀 攀愀爀氀礀 猀琀愀最攀⸀
䄀昀琀攀爀 昀椀渀椀猀栀椀渀最 栀椀最栀 猀挀栀漀漀氀Ⰰ 䤀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 琀漀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀 䔀最礀瀀琀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 猀攀渀搀 礀漀甀爀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 愀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 䈀甀爀攀愀甀 ⠀䴀愀欀琀愀戀 䔀氀 吀愀渀猀椀焀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 礀漀甀爀 最爀愀搀攀猀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 愀猀猀椀最渀攀搀 愀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 栀漀瀀攀昀甀氀氀礀 漀渀 礀漀甀爀 氀椀猀琀 漀昀 挀栀漀椀挀攀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 猀椀砀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 䔀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 䴀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀Ⰰ 倀栀愀爀洀愀挀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 眀攀爀攀 琀漀瀀猀⸀ 䤀 眀愀猀 愀搀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 䄀氀攀砀愀渀搀爀椀愀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀甀氀琀礀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀ 䠀攀爀攀Ⰰ 氀甀挀欀 瀀氀愀礀攀搀 愀 挀爀甀挀椀愀氀 爀漀氀攀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 䤀 栀愀搀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 䴀愀欀琀愀戀 䔀氀 吀愀渀猀椀焀✀猀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 最愀瘀攀 洀攀 琀栀攀 挀愀爀攀攀爀 䤀 猀琀椀氀氀 氀漀瘀攀 洀漀猀琀㨀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀ 䄀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 䤀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 欀渀漀眀 琀栀攀 搀攀瀀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 昀攀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀攀搀 琀漀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 昀愀挀甀氀琀礀Ⰰ 䤀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 栀愀瘀攀 椀渀猀椀猀琀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀甀氀琀礀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀ 䈀甀琀 琀栀椀猀 瀀愀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 搀愀礀 䤀 眀攀渀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀愀洀瀀甀猀 椀渀 䴀愀栀愀爀攀洀 䈀攀欀 眀椀琀栀 洀礀 甀渀挀氀攀 ⴀ 䤀 栀愀搀 琀攀愀爀猀 椀渀 洀礀 攀礀攀猀 愀猀 䤀 昀攀氀琀 琀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀愀挀爀攀搀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 椀琀猀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀⸀ 䴀礀 最爀愀搀攀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 昀漀甀爀 礀攀愀爀猀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 瀀愀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 礀攀愀爀Ⰰ 䤀 琀漀漀欀 昀漀甀爀 挀漀甀爀猀攀猀Ⰰ 洀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最攀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀礀 最爀愀搀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀 漀爀 瘀攀爀礀 最漀漀搀⸀ 匀椀洀椀氀愀爀氀礀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 礀攀愀爀 䤀 猀挀漀爀攀搀 瘀攀爀礀 栀椀最栀氀礀 ⠀攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀⤀ 椀渀 䌀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀 挀栀漀猀攀渀 昀漀爀 愀 最爀漀甀瀀 漀昀 猀攀瘀攀渀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 ⠀挀愀氀氀攀搀 ∀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀∀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀 攀氀椀琀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 最爀漀甀瀀⸀ 䤀 最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀攀猀琀 栀漀渀漀爀猀 ⴀ ∀䐀椀猀琀椀渀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 䘀椀爀猀琀 䌀氀愀猀猀 䠀漀渀漀爀∀ ⴀ 眀椀琀栀 愀戀漀瘀攀 㤀 ─ 椀渀 愀氀氀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀⸀ 圀椀琀栀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀挀漀爀攀猀Ⰰ 椀 眀愀猀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀 猀琀椀瀀攀渀搀 攀瘀攀爀礀 洀漀渀琀栀 漀昀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 ꌀ㌀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀愀猀 挀氀漀猀攀 琀漀 琀栀愀琀 漀昀 愀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 眀栀漀 洀愀搀攀 ꌀ㜀 愀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀℀
䄀昀琀攀爀 最爀愀搀甀愀琀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 搀攀最爀攀攀 漀昀 䈀愀挀栀攀氀漀爀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 䤀 眀愀猀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 愀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 愀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀漀爀 ⠀∀䴀漀攀椀搀∀⤀Ⰰ 琀漀 挀愀爀爀礀 漀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 愀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 愀 倀栀⸀䐀⸀ 搀攀最爀攀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 琀攀愀挀栀 甀渀搀攀爀最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䄀氀攀砀愀渀搀爀椀愀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 愀 琀攀渀甀爀攀搀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 最甀愀爀愀渀琀攀攀椀渀最 愀 昀愀挀甀氀琀礀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀洀攀渀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀⸀ 䤀渀 琀攀愀挀栀椀渀最Ⰰ 䤀 眀愀猀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 渀漀琀 礀攀琀 愀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀Ⰰ 䤀 最愀瘀攀 ∀瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀椀愀氀 氀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀∀ 琀漀 栀攀氀瀀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 栀愀搀 最椀瘀攀渀 栀椀猀 氀攀挀琀甀爀攀⸀ 吀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀椀猀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀 䤀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 愀渀 愀昀昀椀渀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 攀渀樀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀椀渀最 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀愀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀氀攀愀爀攀猀琀 愀渀搀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀猀琀 眀愀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 ⠀㔀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀⤀ 攀渀爀椀挀栀攀搀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀渀猀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀礀 攀砀瀀爀攀猀猀攀搀⸀ 䄀琀 琀栀攀 愀最攀 漀昀 ㈀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀 䴀漀攀椀搀Ⰰ 䤀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀栀椀渀搀 攀瘀攀爀礀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀愀氀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀漀渀 琀栀攀爀攀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 戀攀愀甀琀礀 愀渀搀 猀椀洀瀀氀椀挀椀琀礀 椀渀 椀琀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 戀攀氀椀攀昀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 琀爀甀攀 琀漀搀愀礀⸀
伀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 猀椀搀攀Ⰰ 䤀 昀椀渀椀猀栀攀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 愀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀猀 椀渀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 愀戀漀甀琀 攀椀最栀琀 洀漀渀琀栀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀漀漀氀 眀愀猀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 眀愀猀 攀砀挀椀琀攀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀渀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 栀漀眀 愀渀搀 眀栀礀 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀 漀昀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀 眀椀琀栀 猀漀氀瘀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀渀 漀氀搀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀漀 洀攀 椀琀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 愀 渀攀眀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 焀甀椀琀攀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 椀渀 漀甀爀 搀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䴀礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀搀瘀椀猀漀爀猀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀爀攀攀㨀 吀栀攀 栀攀愀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀漀爀最愀渀椀挀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 吀愀栀愀渀礀 匀愀氀攀洀 愀渀搀 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀猀 刀愀昀愀愀琀 䤀猀猀愀 愀渀搀 匀愀洀椀爀 䔀氀 䔀稀愀戀礀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 眀栀漀洀 䤀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 洀漀猀琀 挀氀漀猀攀氀礀㬀 琀栀攀礀 猀甀最最攀猀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 琀漀 洀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 爀攀猀甀氀琀攀搀 椀渀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀 眀愀猀 爀攀愀搀礀 琀漀 琀栀椀渀欀 愀戀漀甀琀 洀礀 倀栀⸀䐀⸀ 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 ⠀挀愀氀氀攀搀 ∀爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀漀椀渀琀∀⤀ 愀昀琀攀爀 漀渀攀 礀攀愀爀 漀昀 戀攀椀渀最 愀 䴀漀攀椀搀⸀ 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀猀 䔀氀 䔀稀愀戀礀 ⠀愀 最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 漀昀 唀琀愀栀⤀ 愀渀搀 夀攀栀椀愀 䔀氀 吀愀渀琀愀眀礀 ⠀愀 最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 漀昀 倀攀渀渀⤀ 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀 洀攀 琀漀 最漀 愀戀爀漀愀搀 琀漀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 洀礀 倀栀⸀䐀⸀ 眀漀爀欀⸀ 䄀氀氀 琀栀攀 漀搀搀猀 眀攀爀攀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 洀礀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀⸀ 䘀椀爀猀琀Ⰰ 䤀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀戀爀漀愀搀⸀ 匀攀挀漀渀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 㤀㘀㜀 眀愀爀 栀愀搀 樀甀猀琀 攀渀搀攀搀 愀渀搀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 猀琀漀挀欀猀 椀渀 䔀最礀瀀琀 眀攀爀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 氀漀眀攀猀琀 瘀愀氀甀攀Ⰰ 猀漀 猀琀甀搀礀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 漀渀氀礀 猀攀渀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 唀匀匀刀 漀爀 䔀愀猀琀攀爀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀愀渀 挀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀⸀ 䤀 栀愀搀 琀漀 漀戀琀愀椀渀 愀 猀挀栀漀氀愀爀猀栀椀瀀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 挀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 愀 搀漀稀攀渀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 倀攀渀渀猀礀氀瘀愀渀椀愀 愀渀搀 愀 昀攀眀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 漀昀昀攀爀攀搀 洀攀 猀挀栀漀氀愀爀猀栀椀瀀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 琀甀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀愀礀椀渀最 愀 洀漀渀琀栀氀礀 猀琀椀瀀攀渀搀 ⠀猀漀洀攀 ␀㌀ ⤀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 猀琀椀氀氀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 漀戀猀琀愀挀氀攀猀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀 琀漀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 ⠀∀匀愀昀攀爀 琀漀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀∀⤀⸀ 䤀琀 琀漀漀欀 攀渀漀爀洀漀甀猀 攀渀攀爀最礀 琀漀 瀀愀猀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀礀 愀渀搀 戀甀爀攀愀甀挀爀愀琀椀挀 戀愀爀爀椀攀爀猀⸀
䄀爀爀椀瘀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀琀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 䤀 栀愀搀 琀栀攀 昀攀攀氀椀渀最 漀昀 戀攀椀渀最 琀栀爀漀眀渀 椀渀琀漀 愀渀 漀挀攀愀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀挀攀愀渀 眀愀猀 昀甀氀氀 漀昀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀Ⰰ 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀瀀漀爀琀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀栀漀椀挀攀 眀愀猀 挀氀攀愀爀㨀 䤀 挀漀甀氀搀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 氀攀愀爀渀 琀漀 猀眀椀洀 漀爀 猀椀渀欀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 眀愀猀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 眀愀猀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 洀礀 栀漀瀀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 栀椀最栀⸀ 䤀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 猀瀀攀愀欀 漀爀 眀爀椀琀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 昀氀甀攀渀琀氀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 欀渀漀眀 洀甀挀栀 愀戀漀甀琀 眀攀猀琀攀爀渀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 椀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀Ⰰ 漀爀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀⸀ 䤀 爀攀洀攀洀戀攀爀 愀 ∀挀甀氀琀甀爀愀氀 椀渀挀椀搀攀渀琀∀ 琀栀愀琀 漀瀀攀渀攀搀 洀礀 攀礀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 䤀 眀愀猀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀椀渀最 爀椀最栀琀 愀昀琀攀爀 猀攀琀琀氀椀渀最 椀渀 倀栀椀氀愀搀攀氀瀀栀椀愀⸀ 䤀渀 䔀最礀瀀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 戀漀礀猀Ⰰ 眀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 欀椀搀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 戀礀 猀愀礀椀渀最 ∀䤀✀氀氀 欀椀氀氀 礀漀甀∀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最漀漀搀 昀爀椀攀渀搀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 猀愀椀搀 猀甀挀栀 瀀栀爀愀猀攀猀 樀漀欀椀渀最氀礀⸀ 䤀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 昀爀椀攀渀搀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀礀洀瀀愀琀栀攀琀椀挀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀琀 漀渀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀Ⰰ 樀漀欀椀渀最氀礀 猀愀椀搀 ∀䤀✀氀氀 欀椀氀氀 礀漀甀∀⸀ 䤀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀氀礀 渀漀琀椀挀攀搀 栀椀猀 爀攀猀攀爀瘀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀漀氀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 眀漀爀爀礀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 愀 昀攀氀氀漀眀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䔀愀猀琀 洀椀最栀琀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 搀漀 椀琀℀
䴀礀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 ⴀ 愀猀 琀栀攀 䔀最礀瀀琀椀愀渀 愀琀 倀攀渀渀 ⴀ 眀愀猀 猀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 琀漀 戀攀 昀攀氀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 愀猀 洀礀 猀挀漀爀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 栀椀最栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀最愀渀 愀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 挀漀甀爀猀攀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀ 䤀 漀眀攀 洀甀挀栀 琀漀 洀礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀搀瘀椀猀漀爀Ⰰ 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 刀漀戀椀渀 䠀漀挀栀猀琀爀愀猀猀攀爀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 眀愀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀琀椀氀氀 椀猀Ⰰ 愀 挀漀洀洀椀琀琀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀 愀渀搀 攀搀甀挀愀琀漀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 䤀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 洀愀渀礀 愀戀氀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀猀Ⰰ 眀攀爀攀 戀漀琀栀 攀渀樀漀礀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䴀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 氀椀猀琀 眀愀猀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀甀琀 樀甀猀琀 愀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀氀礀Ⰰ 䤀 眀愀猀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 渀攀眀 琀栀椀渀最猀 氀椀琀攀爀愀氀氀礀 攀瘀攀爀礀 搀愀礀 ⴀ 椀渀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀Ⰰ 椀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀椀攀氀搀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䰀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 昀漀爀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀渀 琀栀攀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 䴀愀琀琀攀爀 ⠀䰀刀匀䴀⤀ 眀愀猀 洀漀猀琀 猀琀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䤀 眀愀猀 攀渀琀栀甀猀椀愀猀琀椀挀 愀戀漀甀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀椀渀最 椀渀 愀爀攀愀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀爀漀猀猀攀搀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀猀 漀昀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 ⠀猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 琀漀漀 攀渀琀栀甀猀椀愀猀琀椀挀℀⤀⸀ 䴀礀 挀漀甀爀猀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 攀渀樀漀礀愀戀氀攀 琀漀漀㬀 䤀 猀琀椀氀氀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 琀栀攀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 㔀 Ⰰ 㔀 ㈀Ⰰ 㔀 ㌀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 挀漀甀爀猀攀猀 䤀 琀漀漀欀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 一漀戀攀氀 䰀愀甀爀攀愀琀攀Ⰰ 䈀漀戀 匀挀栀爀椀攀昀昀攀爀⸀ 䤀 眀愀猀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 愀氀洀漀猀琀 ∀搀愀礀 愀渀搀 渀椀最栀琀Ⰰ∀ 愀渀搀 搀漀椀渀最 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀椀洀攀㨀 吀栀攀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀昀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀㬀 琀栀攀 娀攀攀洀愀渀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀昀 猀漀氀椀搀猀 氀椀欀攀 一伀㈀ⴀ 愀渀搀 戀攀渀稀攀渀攀㬀 琀栀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 爀攀猀漀渀愀渀挀攀 ⠀伀䐀䴀刀⤀㬀 搀漀甀戀氀攀 爀攀猀漀渀愀渀挀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀ 一漀眀Ⰰ 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 椀琀Ⰰ 䤀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 椀洀愀最椀渀攀 搀漀椀渀最 愀氀氀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀最愀椀渀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 漀昀 挀漀甀爀猀攀 琀栀攀渀 䤀 眀愀猀 ∀礀漀甀渀最 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀挀攀渀琀∀⸀
吀栀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 洀礀 倀栀⸀䐀⸀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 愀 搀攀最爀攀攀 眀攀爀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 戀礀 㤀㜀㌀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 眀愀爀 攀爀甀瀀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䔀愀猀琀⸀ 䤀 栀愀搀 猀琀爀漀渀最 昀攀攀氀椀渀最猀 愀戀漀甀琀 爀攀琀甀爀渀椀渀最 琀漀 䔀最礀瀀琀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀渀 琀栀漀甀最栀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 洀礀 礀攀愀爀猀 椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 洀礀 洀攀洀漀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀爀甀猀琀爀愀琀椀渀最 戀甀爀攀愀甀挀爀愀挀礀 攀渀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 漀昀 洀礀 搀攀瀀愀爀琀甀爀攀 眀攀爀攀 猀琀椀氀氀 瘀椀瘀椀搀⸀ 圀椀琀栀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 琀栀椀渀最猀 挀栀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 爀攀挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 眀漀渀搀攀爀昀甀氀 礀攀愀爀猀 漀昀 洀礀 挀栀椀氀搀栀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀瀀瀀漀爀琀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀 䔀最礀瀀琀 栀愀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀⸀ 刀攀琀甀爀渀椀渀最 眀愀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 琀漀 洀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 愀氀猀漀 欀渀攀眀 琀栀愀琀 䔀最礀瀀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 䤀 栀愀搀 攀渀樀漀礀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀⸀匀⸀ 䄀 昀攀眀 洀漀爀攀 礀攀愀爀猀 椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀 眀漀甀氀搀 最椀瘀攀 洀攀 愀渀搀 洀礀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 琀眀漀 漀瀀瀀漀爀琀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀㨀 䘀椀爀猀琀Ⰰ 䤀 挀漀甀氀搀 琀栀椀渀欀 愀戀漀甀琀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀 愀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 瀀氀愀挀攀 ⠀眀栀椀氀攀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 琀漀 戀攀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀椀愀氀℀⤀⸀ 匀攀挀漀渀搀Ⰰ 洀礀 猀愀氀愀爀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 栀椀最栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀愀琀 漀昀 愀 最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 琀栀攀渀 戀甀礀 愀 戀椀最 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 挀愀爀 琀栀愀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 猀漀 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀瘀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 愀琀 䄀氀攀砀愀渀搀爀椀愀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀℀ 䤀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀椀瘀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀爀攀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀⸀匀⸀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 椀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀 愀渀搀 漀渀攀 椀渀 䠀漀氀氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀氀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀洀 眀椀琀栀 眀漀爀氀搀ⴀ爀攀渀漀眀渀攀搀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀猀⸀ 䤀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 昀椀瘀攀 漀昀昀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀挀椀搀攀搀 漀渀 䈀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀⸀
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